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The Shia–Sunni split was the division of Muslims into Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims.After the death of Muhammad in 632, a group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Sunnis, believed that Muhammad's successor as caliph of the Islamic community should be Abu Bakr, whereas a second group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Shias, believed that his successor should have been Ali.
Shia Islam (/ ˈ ʃ iː ə /) is the second-largest branch of Islam.It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali (656–661 CE) as his successor (khalifa) and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of Muhammad's ...
Shia theocracy. The first Shia theocracy in the 20th century was established in Iran following the Iranian Revolution that led to the fall of the Shah of Iran. The constitutional name of Iran was established as the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ايران transliteration: Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ).
Sunni Islam ( / ˈsuːni, ˈsʊni /) is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the tradition of Muhammad. [1] [2] The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over ...
The Five Pillars of Islam ( Arabic: أركان الإسلام) is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim, and are held by both Sunni and Shia. These duties are Shahada (profession of faith), Salat (prayers), Zakāt (giving of alms), Sawm (fasting, specifically during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca ).
A copy of the Qur'an, one of the primary sources of Sharia. The Qur'an is the first and most important source of Islamic law. Believed to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad through angel Gabriel in Mecca and Medina, the scripture specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed.
Zaydism. Zaydism ( Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized : az-Zaydiyya) is one of the three main branches [1] of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali ‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. [2] Zaydism is typically considered to be a branch of Shia Islam that comes closest to the Sunni ...
The physicist Abdus Salam believed there is no contradiction between Islam and the discoveries that science allows humanity to make about nature and the universe; and that the Quran and the Islamic spirit of study and rational reflection was the source of extraordinary civilizational development.