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The frequency response is characterized by the magnitude, typically in decibels (dB) or as a generic amplitude of the dependent variable, and the phase, in radians or degrees, measured against frequency, in radian/s, Hertz (Hz) or as a fraction of the sampling frequency . There are three common ways of plotting response measurements:
In electrical engineering and control theory, a Bode plot / ˈboʊdi / is a graph of the frequency response of a system. It is usually a combination of a Bode magnitude plot, expressing the magnitude (usually in decibels) of the frequency response, and a Bode phase plot, expressing the phase shift . As originally conceived by Hendrik Wade Bode ...
A Nyquist plot is a parametric plot of a frequency response used in automatic control and signal processing. The most common use of Nyquist plots is for assessing the stability of a system with feedback. In Cartesian coordinates, the real part of the transfer function is plotted on the X-axis while the imaginary part is plotted on the Y-axis ...
t. e. The frequency response plot from Butterworth's 1930 paper. [1] The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have a frequency response that is as flat as possible in the passband. It is also referred to as a maximally flat magnitude filter.
β = 0 , {\displaystyle \beta =0,} the Duffing equation describes a damped and driven simple harmonic oscillator, γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the amplitude of the periodic driving force; if. γ = 0 {\displaystyle \gamma =0} the system is without a driving force, and. ω {\displaystyle \omega } is the angular frequency of the periodic driving ...
The frequency response of a filter is generally represented using a Bode plot, and the filter is characterized by its cutoff frequency and rate of frequency rolloff. In all cases, at the cutoff frequency, the filter attenuates the input power by half or 3 dB.
A response spectrum is a plot of the peak or steady-state response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series of oscillators of varying natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration or shock. The resulting plot can then be used to pick off the response of any linear system, given its natural frequency of ...
Magnitude transfer function of a bandpass filter with lower 3 dB cutoff frequency f 1 and upper 3 dB cutoff frequency f 2 Bode plot (a logarithmic frequency response plot) of any first-order low-pass filter with a normalized cutoff frequency at =1 and a unity gain (0 dB) passband.