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A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check.As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check, as authorized by the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (the Check 21 Act).
An automated clearing house ( ACH) is a computer-based electronic network for processing transactions, [ 1] usually domestic low value payments, between participating financial institutions. It may support both credit transfers and direct debits. [ 2][ 3] The ACH system is designed to process batches of payments containing numerous transactions ...
In configuration management, a baseline is an agreed description of the attributes of a product, at a point in time, which serves as a basis for defining change. [ 1] A change is a movement from this baseline state to a next state. The identification of significant changes from the baseline state is the central purpose of baseline identification.
BAI, or the BAI file format, is a file format for performing electronic cash management balance reporting. The BAI format was developed and previously maintained by the Bank Administration Institute (BAI). [ 1] One common application of the BAI format is for use by banks to transmit returned item data to customers (for example, checks which ...
Suspicious activity report. In financial regulation, a Suspicious Activity Report ( SAR) or Suspicious Transaction Report ( STR) is a report made by a financial institution about suspicious or potentially suspicious activity as required under laws designed to counter money laundering, financing of terrorism and other financial crimes.
Real-time gross settlement. Real-Time Gross Settlement ( RTGS) systems are specialist funds transfer systems where the transfer of money or securities [ 1] takes place from one bank to any other bank on a "real-time" and on a "gross" basis to avoid settlement risk. Settlement in "real time" means a payment transaction is not subjected to any ...
A Systemically Important Payment System ( SIPS) is a payment systems whose failure could potentially endanger the operation of the whole economy. In general, these are the major payment clearing systems or real-time gross settlement systems of individual countries, but in the case of Europe, there are certain pan-European payment systems.