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The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in improvisation —often to create tension during a solo.
Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
Example 1: Below, a common voicing used by jazz pianists is given for the chord C 7 ♯ 9 (C major chord with a minor 7th, and extended with an augmented 9th). In the lower stave the notes E ♮ and B ♭ are given. These form a tritone which defines the dominant sound, and are the major 3rd and minor 7th of the C 7 ♯ 9 chord.
At its most basic, a single version of this blues scale is commonly used over all changes (or chords) in a twelve-bar blues progression. [7] Likewise, in contemporary jazz theory, its use is commonly based upon the key rather than the individual chord. [2] Greenblatt defines two blues scales, the major and the minor.
For instance, in C major, a jazz musician may alter the V chord, G 7 (G–B–D–F), with a flattened fifth, producing the chord G 7 ♭ 5 (G–B–D ♭ –F). An improviser might then choose a scale containing these four notes, such as the G whole tone scale, the G octatonic scale, or a mode of either D or A ♭ melodic minor ascending.
The jazz minor scale or ascending melodic minor scale is a derivative of the melodic minor scale, except only the ascending form of the scale is used. As the name implies, it is primarily used in jazz [citation needed], although it may be found in other types of music as well. It may be derived from the major scale with a minor third, [ 1 ...
Outside (jazz) In jazz improvisation, outside playing describes approaches where one plays over a scale, mode or chord that is harmonically distant from the given chord. There are several common techniques to playing outside, that include side-stepping or side-slipping, superimposition of Coltrane changes, [1] and polytonality.
Backdoor compared with the dominant (front door) in the chromatic circle: they share two tones and are transpositionally equivalent. In jazz and jazz harmony, the chord progression from iv 7 to ♭ VII 7 to I (the tonic or "home" chord) has been nicknamed the backdoor progression [1] [2] or the backdoor ii-V, as described by jazz theorist and author Jerry Coker.