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Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, [ a] or congeniality bias[ 2]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [ 3] People display this bias when they select information that supports their views, ignoring contrary information, or ...
Abilene paradox. The Abilene paradox is a collective fallacy, in which a group of people collectively decide on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of most or all individuals in the group, while each individual believes it to be aligned with the preferences of most of the others. [ 1][ 2] It involves a breakdown of group ...
Groupthink is sometimes stated to occur (more broadly) within natural groups within the community, for example to explain the lifelong different mindsets of those with differing political views (such as "conservatism" and "liberalism" in the U.S. political context [7] or the purported benefits of team work vs. work conducted in solitude). [8]
Conformity. Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded. [ 1] Norms are implicit, specific rules, guidance shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others. People often choose to conform to society rather than to pursue personal desires – because ...
Heteronormativity is the concept that heterosexuality is the preferred or normal sexual orientation. [ 1] It assumes the gender binary (i.e., that there are only two distinct, opposite genders) and that sexual and marital relations are most fitting between people of opposite sex.
Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, [ 1] also known as a general plan, [ 2] or master plan. [ 3] This resulting document expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land use ...
Integrity is the quality of being honest and showing a consistent and uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values. [ 1][ 2] In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or earnestness of one's actions. Integrity can stand in opposition to hypocrisy. [ 3] It regards internal consistency as a ...
Federalist No. 15 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the fifteenth of The Federalist Papers. [1] It was published by The Independent Journal (New York) on December 1, 1787, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published at the time. [2] No. 15 addresses the failures of the Articles of Confederation to ...