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The Institute for the Works of Religion ( Italian: Istituto per le Opere di Religione; Latin: Institutum pro Operibus Religionis; abbreviated IOR ), [ 4][ 5] commonly known as the Vatican Bank, is a financial institution [ 2] that is situated inside Vatican City and run by a Board of Superintendence, which reports to a Commission of Cardinals ...
Biography. The son of Dr. Thomas Bond (1580–1662), by his marriage to Catherine, daughter of John Osbaldeston, Bond was born about 1620 at Peckham. The exact dates of his birth, death and marriage are unknown. On 9 October 1658, before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Bond was created by King Charles II a Baronet in the Baronetage of ...
However, the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1308) warns: "Although Confirmation is sometimes called the 'sacrament of Christian maturity,' we must not confuse adult faith with the adult age of natural growth, nor forget that the baptismal grace is a grace of free, unmerited election and does not need 'ratification' to become effective." [35]
In the Christian tradition, holy cards or prayer cards are small, devotional pictures for the use of the faithful that usually depict a religious scene or a saint in an image about the size of a playing card. The reverse typically contains a prayer, some of which promise an indulgence for its recitation. The circulation of these cards is an ...
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope ...
Thomas Bond, MD. Thomas Bond (May 2, 1713 – March 26, 1784) was an American physician and surgeon. [1] In 1751 he co-founded the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first medical facility in the American colonies, with Benjamin Franklin, and also volunteered his services there as both physician and teacher. [2]
Pope Gregory XVI oversaw the loan deal between the Rothschild family and the Holy See in 1832. Rothschild loans to the Holy See refers to a series of major financial loans arranged between the Rothschild family and the Holy See of the Catholic Church. The first loan which occurred in 1832 took place in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars ...
Cardinal priests (Latin: cardinales presbyteri) are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. [51] Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally also bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.