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In cooking, a leavening agent ( / ˈlɛvənɪŋ /) or raising agent, also called a leaven ( / ˈlɛvən /) or leavener, is any one of a number of substances used in doughs and batters that cause a foaming action (gas bubbles) that lightens and softens the mixture. An alternative or supplement to leavening agents is mechanical action by which ...
A thickening agent or thickener is a substance which can increase the viscosity of a liquid without substantially changing its other properties. Edible thickeners are commonly used to thicken sauces, soups, and puddings without altering their taste; thickeners are also used in paints, inks, explosives, and cosmetics .
Roux. Roux ( / ruː /) is a mixture of flour and fat cooked together and used to thicken sauces. [ 1] Roux is typically made from equal parts of flour and fat by weight. [ 2] The flour is added to the melted fat or oil on the stove top, blended until smooth, and cooked to the desired level of brownness. A roux can be white, blond (darker) or brown.
Curing is any of various food preservation and flavoring processes of foods such as meat, fish and vegetables, by the addition of salt, with the aim of drawing moisture out of the food by the process of osmosis. Because curing increases the solute concentration in the food and hence decreases its water potential, the food becomes inhospitable ...
Food coloring. A variety of food colorings, added to beakers of water. Food coloring, color additive or colorant is any dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or beverages. Colorants can be supplied as liquids, powders, gels, or pastes. Food coloring is commonly used in commercial products and in domestic cooking ...
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of food preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. [ 1][ 2] People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.
Curdling is the breaking of an emulsion or colloid into large parts of different composition through the physio-chemical processes of flocculation, creaming, and coalescence. [ 1] Curdling is purposeful in the production of cheese curd and tofu; undesirable in the production of a sauce, cheese fondue or a custard. [ 1]
brine. To soak a food item in salted water. broasting. A method of cooking chicken and other foods using a pressure fryer and condiments. browning. The process of partially cooking the surface of meat to help remove excessive fat and to give the meat a brown color crust and flavor through various browning reactions.