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Containerization, also referred as container stuffing or container loading, is the process of unitization of cargoes in exports. Containerization is the predominant form of unitization of export cargoes today, as opposed to other systems such as the barge system or palletization. [ 2 ]
Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. [1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well.
Shipping cycle. A shipping market cycle or shipping cycle is a particular type of economic cycle. These cycles correct markets when supply and demand are out of balance. Shipping markets are driven by freight rates, which can move up, move down or remain unchanged. Shipping cycles are therefore determined by the fluctuations of these freight rates.
Policy and management of ports predominantly centers around measures of regulating environmental standards over other measures such as pricing, market access control, and the monitoring and measuring of port activities. [7] In landlord ports and ports near densely populated areas both pricing strategies incentivizing port users to shift to low ...
The iceberg transport cost model is a commonly used, simple economic model of transportation costs. It relates transport costs linearly with distance, and pays these costs by extracting from the arriving volume. The model is attributed to Paul Samuelson 's 1954 article in Deardorffs' Glossary of International Economics. [1]
Shipping markets. The international shipping industry can be divided into four closely related shipping markets, each trading in a different commodity: the freight market, the sale and purchase market, the newbuilding market and the demolition market. These four markets are linked by cash flow and push the market traders in the direction they want.
Maritime transport (or ocean transport) or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people (passengers) or goods (cargo) via waterways. Freight transport by sea has been widely used throughout recorded history. The advent of aviation has diminished the importance of sea travel for passengers, though it is still popular for short ...
Freight rate. A freight rate (historically and in ship chartering simply freight[1]) is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport (truck, ship, train, aircraft), the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination.