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Prolonged use of stimulant laxatives can create drug dependence by damaging the colon's haustral folds, making users less able to move feces through their colon on their own. A study of patients with chronic constipation found that 28% of chronic stimulant laxative users lost haustral folds over the course of one year, while none of the control ...
Alpidem (Ananxyl) 1995. Worldwide. Not approved in the US, withdrawn in France in 1994 [ 4] and the rest of the market in 1995 because of rare but serious hepatotoxicity. [ 3][ 5] Alosetron (Lotronex) 2000. US. Serious gastrointestinal adverse events; ischemic colitis; severe constipation. [ 2] Reintroduced 2002 with restricted indication and ...
Symptoms. Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use may include disinhibition, impaired concentration and memory, depression, [ 19][ 20] as well as sexual dysfunction. [ 6][ 21] The long-term effects of benzodiazepines may differ from the adverse effects seen after acute administration of benzodiazepines. [ 22]
Lactulose. Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. [ 3][ 4] It is administered orally for constipation, and either orally or rectally for hepatic encephalopathy. [ 3] It generally begins working after 8–12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation. [ 1][ 2]
Anticholinergic. Anticholinergics ( anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system. [ 1][ 2] These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells.
Metoclopramide. Metoclopramide is a medication used for stomach and esophageal problems. [ 5] It is commonly used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting, to help with emptying of the stomach in people with delayed stomach emptying, and to help with gastroesophageal reflux disease. [ 6] It is also used to treat migraine headaches.
[80] [81] Chronic use of benzodiazepines can lead to the development of tolerance with a decrease of benzodiazepine binding sites. The degree of tolerance is more pronounced with clonazepam than with chlordiazepoxide. [82] In general, short-term therapy is more effective than long-term therapy with clonazepam for the treatment of epilepsy. [83]
The use of weight-loss products happens "at high levels in adolescents, especially girls," and can have long-term health consequences, they conclude. The meta-analysis included 90 studies with ...