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For instance, in example one above (C 7 ♯ 9) the triad of E ♭ major is a (compound) minor 3rd away from C (root of the bottom chord). Thus, this upper structure can be called upper structure flat three, or US ♭ III for short. Other possible upper structures are: USII – e.g. D major over C 7, resulting in C 13 ♯ 11
Jazz improvisation is the spontaneous invention of melodic solo lines or accompaniment parts in a performance of jazz music. It is one of the defining elements of jazz. Improvisation is composing on the spot, when a singer or instrumentalist invents melodies and lines over a chord progression played by rhythm section instruments (piano, guitar ...
The white-note major and minor pentatonic scales. Two pentatonic scales common to jazz are the major pentatonic scale and the minor pentatonic scale. They are both modes of one another. The major pentatonic scale begins with a major scale and omits the fourth and the seventh scale degrees.
The two octatonic scales on C. An octatonic scale is any eight- note musical scale. However, the term most often refers to the ancohemitonic symmetric scale composed of alternating whole and half steps, as shown at right. In classical theory (in contrast to jazz theory ), this symmetrical scale is commonly called the octatonic scale (or the ...
A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to heptatonic scales, which have seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale ). Pentatonic scales were developed independently by many ancient civilizations [ 2] and are still used in various musical styles to this day.
In jazz, comping (an abbreviation of accompaniment; [ 2] or possibly from the verb, to "complement") is the chords, rhythms, and countermelodies that keyboard players ( piano or organ), guitar players, or drummers use to support a musician's improvised solo or melody lines. It is also the action of accompanying, and the left-hand part of a solo ...
When jazz guitar players improvise, they use the scales, modes, and arpeggios associated with the chords in a tune's chord progression. The approach to improvising has changed since the earliest eras of jazz guitar. During the Swing era, many soloists improvised "by ear" by embellishing the melody with ornaments and passing notes.
Outside (jazz) In jazz improvisation, outside playing describes approaches where one plays over a scale, mode or chord that is harmonically distant from the given chord. There are several common techniques to playing outside, that include side-stepping or side-slipping, superimposition of Coltrane changes, [1] and polytonality.