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Learn about the magic lantern, an early type of image projector that used transparent slides and a light source. Discover its origins, development, slides, light sources, precursors and uses for entertainment and education.
A book by the philosopher Thomas S. Kuhn that challenges the view of progressive science and introduces the concept of paradigm shift. Learn about Kuhn's historical and philosophical analysis of scientific revolutions, his influence and criticism, and his postscript to the second edition.
Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American historian and philosopher of science who introduced the term paradigm shift in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. He argued that science progresses through periodic revolutions, rather than linear accumulation of knowledge, and that scientific truth depends on consensus and perspective.
David Stove's book criticizes four philosophers of science who deny or downplay the cumulative growth of knowledge: Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend. He argues that they use neutralized success-words and sabotaged logical expressions to make their views more plausible.
Aristotelianism is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, covering various topics such as logic, metaphysics, ethics, and natural philosophy. Learn about the origins, development, and influence of Aristotelianism in different historical periods and cultures, from ancient Greece to modern times.
Steven Shapin is an American historian and sociologist of science, known for his research on the history and sociology of science. He has written books on 17th-century science, scientific revolution, scientific life, and dietetics, and has won many awards and honors in the field.
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science in Europe from the 15th to the 17th century. It involved major advances in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry, and challenged the authority of ancient and medieval views of nature.
Grok is a term coined by Robert A. Heinlein in his 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land, meaning to understand intuitively or by empathy. It has been used in computer science and other contexts to describe a deep and transformative level of knowledge or experience.