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Linguistic prescription[ a] is the establishment of rules defining preferred usage of language. [ 1][ 2] These rules may address such linguistic aspects as spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Sometimes informed by linguistic purism, [ 3] such normative practices often propagate the belief that some usages are ...
Input hypothesis. The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s. Krashen originally formulated the input hypothesis as just one of the five hypotheses, but over time the term has come to refer to the five ...
Metalinguistics expresses itself in ways such as: an awareness that language has the potential to go beyond the literal meaning, to further include multiple or implied meanings, formal structures like phonemes, syntax, etc. an awareness, therefore, of the flexibility of language through irony, sarcasm and other forms of word play.
English-language spelling reform. For centuries, there have been movements to reform the spelling of the English language. Such spelling reform seeks to change English orthography so that it is more consistent, matches pronunciation better, and follows the alphabetic principle. [ 1] Common motives for spelling reform include making learning ...
Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a theory of knowledge concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justification. [3] It acknowledges that learners bring prior knowledge and experiences shaped by their social and cultural environment and that learning is a process of students "constructing" knowledge based on their experiences.
Conformity. Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded. [ 1] Norms are implicit, specific rules, guidance shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others. People often choose to conform to society rather than to pursue personal desires – because ...
Linguistics. The usage-based linguistics is a linguistics approach within a broader functional / cognitive framework, that emerged since the late 1980s, and that assumes a profound relation between linguistic structure and usage. [ 1] It challenges the dominant focus, in 20th century linguistics (and in particular in formalism - generativism ...
Content-based instruction. Content-based instruction ( CBI) is a significant approach in language education (Brinton, Snow, & Wesche, 1989), designed to provide second-language learners instruction in content and language (hence it is also called content-based language teaching; CBLT ). CBI is considered an empowering approach which encourages ...