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Coronary artery disease ( CAD ), also called coronary heart disease ( CHD ), ischemic heart disease ( IHD ), [ 13] myocardial ischemia, [ 14] or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. [ 5][ 6][ 15] It is the most common of the ...
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle (myocardium). Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated. Because the rest of the body, and most especially the brain, needs a steady supply of ...
Cardiac arrest is not preceded by any warning symptoms in approximately 50 percent of people. [19] For individuals who do experience symptoms, the symptoms are usually nonspecific to the cardiac arrest. [20] For example, new or worsening chest pain, fatigue, blackouts, dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness, or vomiting. [20] [11]
A nticoagulants: To prevent embolization. B eta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate. C alcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles). D igoxin: Helps slow the heart rate by ...
First heart sound: caused by atrioventricular valves – Mitral (M) and Tricuspid (T). Second heart sound caused by semilunar valves – Aortic (A) and Pulmonary/Pulmonic (P). Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the ...
See media help. Valvular heart disease is any cardiovascular disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonic and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart). These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging, [ 1] but may also be the result of ...
Frequency. 2% of people over 65 (developed world) [ 1] Aortic stenosis ( AS or AoS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart (where the aorta begins), such that problems result. [ 1] It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. [ 1] It typically gets worse over time. [ 1]
Aortic regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation ( AR ), also known as aortic insufficiency ( AI ), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.