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Marco DeFunis, a white man, had twice been denied admission to the University of Washington School of Law. The law school maintained an affirmative-action program, and DeFunis had been given a higher rating by admissions office staff than some admitted minority candidates. The Washington state trial court ordered DeFunis admitted, and he ...
University of Texas Law School; In 1992, Cheryl Hopwood and three other white law school applicants challenged the University of Texas Law School's affirmative action program and claimed that they were rejected for the 1992–1993 academic year based upon their unfair preferences toward less qualified minority applicants.
Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, [1] also known as a general plan, [2] or master plan. [3] This resulting document expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land use ...
Hopwood v. Texas, 78 F.3d 932 ( 5th Cir. 1996), [1] was the first successful legal challenge to a university's affirmative action policy in student admissions since Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. [2] In Hopwood, four white plaintiffs who had been rejected from University of Texas at Austin 's School of Law challenged the ...
Social norm. Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups. [1] Social norms can both be informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society, as well as be codified into rules and laws. [2] Social normative influences or social norms, are deemed to be powerful drivers of human behavioural changes and ...
An action plan is a detailed plan outlining actions needed to reach one or more goals. [1] [ citation needed ] Alternatively, it can be defined as a "sequence of steps that must be taken, or activities that must be performed well, for a strategy to succeed".
Administrative law. The doctrine of nondelegation (or non-delegation principle) is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit or implicit in all written constitutions that impose a strict structural ...
The University of Michigan Law School (Bollinger) disagreed and stated that there was a compelling state interest to use racial affirmative action to build a "critical mass" of minority students. In Justice Powell's diversity rationale, the Supreme Court stated "the student body diversity is a compelling state interest that can justify the use ...