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An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen -encoding mRNA into cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a virus) or by a cancer ...
e. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1][2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. [3][4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or ...
Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease.
Immunization. Dr. Schreiber of San Augustine giving a typhoid inoculation at a rural school, San Augustine County, Texas. Transfer from U.S. Office of War Information, 1944. Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
Attenuated vaccine. An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). [1] Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. [2] These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the ...
The whole-cell pneumococcal vaccine consisted of inactive Streptococcus pneumoniae RM200 cells [9] and was the first whole-cell vaccine used against S. pneumoniae. In 2012, Phase-I studies were conducted by combining the whole-cell vaccine with alum. 1 out of 42 experienced adverse reactions which were not related to vaccination. The mild ...
Immunogenicity is a central aspect of vaccine development. [ 1 ] Unwanted immunogenicity is an immune response by an organism against a therapeutic antigen. This reaction leads to production of anti-drug-antibodies (ADAs), inactivating the therapeutic effects of the treatment and potentially inducing adverse effects.
A nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) is a synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) in which some nucleosides are replaced by other naturally modified nucleosides or by synthetic nucleoside analogues. [1] modRNA is used to induce the production of a desired protein in certain cells. An important application is the development of mRNA vaccines, of ...