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  2. Text linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_linguistics

    Text linguistics is a branch of linguistics that deals with texts as communication systems.Its original aims lay in uncovering and describing text grammars.The application of text linguistics has, however, evolved from this approach to a point in which text is viewed in much broader terms that go beyond a mere extension of traditional grammar towards an entire text.

  3. PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

    A tagged PDF (see clause 14.8 in ISO 32000) includes document structure and semantics information to enable reliable text extraction and accessibility. [30] Technically speaking, tagged PDF is a stylized use of the format that builds on the logical structure framework introduced in PDF 1.3.

  4. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

  5. Syntactic Structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures

    In Syntactic Structures, Chomsky tries to construct a "formalized theory of linguistic structure". He places emphasis on "rigorous formulations" and "precisely constructed models". [ 59] In the first chapter of the book, he gives a definition of human language syntax. He then talks about the goals of syntactic study.

  6. Structured text - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_text

    Structured text. Structured text, abbreviated as ST or STX, is one of the five languages supported by the IEC 61131-3 standard, designed for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). [ 1][ 2] It is a high level language that is block structured and syntactically resembles Pascal, on which it is based. [ 3] All of the languages share IEC61131 ...

  7. Structural linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_linguistics

    Structural linguistics, or structuralism, in linguistics, denotes schools or theories in which language is conceived as a self-contained, self-regulating semiotic system whose elements are defined by their relationship to other elements within the system. [ 1][ 2] It is derived from the work of Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and is part ...

  8. Deep structure and surface structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_structure_and_surface...

    Deep structure and surface structure (also D-structure and S-structure although those abbreviated forms are sometimes used with distinct meanings) are concepts used in linguistics, specifically in the study of syntax in the Chomskyan tradition of transformational generative grammar . The deep structure of a linguistic expression is a ...

  9. Cohesion (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesion_(linguistics)

    Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence . There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical cohesion: based on structural content. lexical cohesion: based on lexical content and background knowledge.